But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. 8. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! /Width 371 Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. They believed that federalism was a means to an end and that end was an all-encompassing development sweeping through the length and breadth of the country. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. What are the main functions of federal and state governments? The two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas. /Subtype /Image But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ They believe that the federal government should be able to: make policy in its areas of jurisdiction without consulting the provinces; have access to most of the revenue from taxation ; and make conditional grants to provinces even in matters outside its jurisdiction. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. We utilize security vendors that protect and student. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. The local governments can decide to fight the existence of some specific national laws by going through the justice system of the country. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? professional specifically for you? This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. 2. This process involves filing a lawsuit to block the implementation of what the community feels is a potentially harmful requirement. The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. The main task of the fiscal federalism is to raise and spend money. s" There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Federalism can be inefficient. The Founders of this country identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: To evade tyrannical rule document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. It can also be used as a way to pass ridiculous laws as a way to make a political statement, discourage tourism, or some other specific result. Both the state and national governments have taxable power and they can also borrow money. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. IvyPanda. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Politics in America, eighth edition/alternate edition. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. Local governments receive the right to begin solving some of their own problems. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. I love this article,very educating and interesting Federalism can be structured to benefit only the rich. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Thus, it is often said that only rich countries can afford it. Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. (2019, November 23). IvyPanda. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. These include: 1. IvyPanda. IvyPanda. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. (1996): The Political Economy of Nigeria Federalism: In Foundation of Nigerian Federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et . This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. The desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why national government power was increased since 1788. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. This resulted in the loss of many lives. 4. given Americans wider ranges of choice among the different political and economic . 2.4 It Provides A Structure That Diffuses The Governmental Power. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Live, Study and Work in Canada. American Federalism: A View from the States. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Possessing a lot of power will enable them have the authority to raise navy and armies that could control tragedies from happening by protecting the nation. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. /Filter /DCTDecode It does not store any personal data. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Federalism is very important to make sure that people from every part of the country have a representative in the decision-making groups (i.e. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Excellent, thanks a lot f These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. Knowing what you can or cannot do can be a confusing process, especially when there are conflicting statements offered by the different parties. The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Federalism allows national governments to fight the local ones. People feel close to their communities. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? No Payment is Required! By diffusing power to multiple branches of office, like the U.S. does with the executive, legislative, and judicial segments, it becomes more challenging for one division to take over the country. 3. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the overall benefit and growth of the economy. Geographical factor, (iv) Economic factor Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. 6. As far back as 1946, during the era of British colonization, Nigeria adopted federalism, a form of government with decentralized power, such that Nigerias three regions- the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions- had equal powers. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. Nigeria as a country occupies a large geographical area and what she has as singular states in Nigeria is the equivalent of the entirety of some other African countries. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. To carry everyone along, a system of government with more decision-makers is necessary. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. In the EU, the members of the upper houses in the government are not elected or appointed, but they serve as delegates of their respective governments. Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Federalism promotes liberty and self-governance. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. States also engage in economic competition which causes economic warfare amongst them. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. If you travel to almost any town, city, or village in the United States, then you will discover a different set of laws, rules, and regulations to follow. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. 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