We can compare crops in terms of their yields how much oil we can produce from one hectare of land. 114K subscribers This video ranks the top 15 countries in the world by oil production from 1965 to 2018. PloS one, 11(7), e0159668. Its oil and gas sector accounts for around 50 percent of its gross domestic product and about 85 percent of its export earnings. FG identifies new fields for 681,000bpd oil production. 3 min read. Venezuela was way down the list, at #25 with 605,000 BPD. [2] Saudi Arabia and Russia also top the list of oil exporting countries. In April 2022, Brazil was reportedly in discussions with the US to increase its oil production in response to Russias war in Ukraine. Output in 2018 helped the Middle Eastern nation regain its sixth spot position. As we discuss in our related article on this, deforestation accounts for just one-quarter of global tree loss. In addition to being the world's largest oil producer, the United States also imports upwards of 8 million barrels . Help us do this work by making a donation. By 2026, global effective spare production capacity (excluding Iran) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016. Oil statistics Data on UK production, trade and demand of oil by sector, including crude oil and natural gas liquids, and products including transport fuels. Aligning with the World Energy Outlooks Sustainable Development Scenario which maps out a trajectory consistent with the climate goals of the Paris Agreement and other sustainable energy objectives oil demand would have to decline by 3mb/d over the same period. An effective and orderly transition will be critical not only to reach international climate targets but also to prevent serious supply disruptions and destabilising price volatility along the way. Firstly, they measure forest loss, which combines both permanent deforestation (where trees do not regrow) and forest degradation (which is a temporary thinning of forests with subsequent regrowth). Indonesia and Malaysia account for 63% of global land use for palm. Oil production crashes by 83% - Report. Vijay, V., Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., & Smith, S. J. We are happy to help. IEA, World oil supply and demand, 1971-2020, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-oil-supply-and-demand-1971-2020, IEA. It is estimated that half of the oil used in Quebec and Atlantic Canada is purchased offshore from the US, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UK, Azerbaijan, Nigeria and Cte d'Ivoire. In a context of global economic recovery, with increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates and loosening pandemic-related restrictions, oil demand expanded more rapidly than supply. In fact, only one-quarter of post-1973 plantations in the Borneo was driven by rapid conversion of this land to plantations (2021% oil-palm; 4.34.8% pulpwood). What would be the impact of substituting palm oil? data than referenced in the text. Substitution would be feasible for most food products. In fact, the Asian country is the top consumer of oil, with 55 percent of its imports coming from OPEC member countries. Nearly all of Canada's proven oil reserves are located in Alberta, and. Each of these countries experienced major production declines at different times in the past, but since 2014 all three have been producing near their peak rates of 9 to 11 million barrels per day. The non-oil fraction of soybeans, for example, can be allocated to other uses such as high-protein animal feed. Venezuela's heavy crude oil is especially prized by U.S. refiners. In addition, there are technologies vital to energy transitions that can be a match for the industrys capabilities, such as carbon capture, low-carbon hydrogen, biofuels and offshore wind. Who uses palm oil and what is it used for? 2023 Battery Metals Outlook: Australia Edition, NEW! Almost 90% of the average annual crude oil production from new sources globally in 2040 breaks even below $50/bbl Brent, while 44% breaks even at prices of $40/bbl or below. Retailers know that this is becoming an important driver of consumer choices. Show Recessions Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Energy exports to the US account for the vast majority of Canadas total energy exports. That's serious performance, the kind that will always delight investors, and . To have a real, permanent impact, certification needs to cover a much larger number of growers. Ethane, LPG and naphtha together account for 70% of the projected increase in oil product demand to 2026. Other emerging markets oil producers have potential to ramp up production, but the expected volume and destinations of exports, as well as whether production goals will be realised, remain to be seen.. Argentina is among the most promising, as its large-scale Vaca Muerte shale field comes on-line after years of development.The country's unconventional oil production reached 282,000 bpd in . In the current policy environment, US production growth is set to resume as investment and activity levels pick up in tandem with rising prices. This is now 35 times higher: in 2018 the world produced 71 million tonnes. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. Prior to production cuts in 2020, Russian oil output had spent a number of years rising; it hit 10,778,000 bpd last year. Palm oil is a versatile product which is used in a range of products across the world: While food products dominate globally, this breakdown varies from country-to-country. The authors of the original study make it clear that intact forest loss should not be confused with primary forest loss. Other producers include Thailand, Colombia, Nigeria, Guatemala, and Ecuador. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. At the same time, the historic collapse in demand in 2020 resulted in a record 9mb/d spare production capacity cushion that would be enough to keep global markets comfortable at least for the next several years. To demonstrate this, lets turn crop yields on its head and look at the inverse: the area of land you would need to produce one tonne of vegetable oil. Russia became the worlds second largest crude oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabias output by around 1.5%. Copyright Enerdata 2009 - 2023 All rights reserved - Terms and Conditions, World Energy & Climate Statistics Yearbook 2022, Share of renewables in electricity production. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Leading global oil and gas producers based on revenue 2022, Proved crude oil reserves worldwide from 1990 to 2020 (in billion barrels), Oil production worldwide from 1998 to 2021 (in million metric tons), Daily demand for crude oil worldwide from 2006 to 2020, with a forecast until 2026* (in million barrels per day), Global crude oil investment returns 2010-2021, Return rate on crude oil investments worldwide from 2010 to 2021, Volume of crude oil and natural gas discoveries worldwide from 2015 to 2021 (in billion barrels of oil equivalent), Global proved oil reserves breakdown by country 1992-2020, Distribution of proved oil reserves worldwide in select years from 1992 to 2020, by region, Global oil reserves share by country 2020, Distribution of oil reserves worldwide in 2020, by country, Leading oil-producing countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 barrels per day), Global seaborne trade volume of crude oil 2010-2021, Transport volume of crude oil in seaborne trade worldwide from 2010 to 2021 (in million metric tons), Leading crude oil and oil products exporters worldwide in 2021, by region or country (in 1,000 barrels per day), Global crude oil export value by country 2021, Countries with highest value of crude oil exports worldwide in 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Leading crude oil importers worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 barrels per day), Average annual Brent crude oil price from 1976 to 2023 (in U.S. dollars per barrel), West Texas Intermediate annual average oil price 1976-2023, Average annual West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price from 1976 to 2023 (in U.S. dollars per barrel), Average annual OPEC crude oil price from 1960 to 2022 (in U.S. dollars per barrel), Oil consumption worldwide from 1970 to 2021 (in million metric tons), Global oil consumption share 2010 & 2021, by region, Oil consumption share worldwide in 2010 and 2021, by region, Leading oil-consuming countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 barrels per day), Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2020, Distribution of oil demand in the OECD in 2020, by sector, Leading oil and gas companies worldwide based on revenue as of 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars), Leading oil and gas producers based on market cap October 2022, Leading oil and gas companies worldwide based on market capitalization as of October 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars), Operating revenue of BP from 2005 to 2021* (in million U.S. dollars), Operating revenue of ExxonMobil from 2001 to 2021 (in million U.S. dollars), Revenue of Shell from 2005 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Value of revenue of Saudi Aramco 2017-2021, Value of revenue of Saudi Aramco from 2017 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Operating revenue of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) from 2010 to 2021 (in billion yuan), Global oil and gas investment volume 2019-2024, by sector, Estimated oil and gas investments across the value chain and by type from 2019 to 2021, with a forecast until 2024 (in billion U.S. dollars), Global upstream M&A deal values 2016-2021, Merger and acquisition transaction value in the oil and gas exploration and production industry worldwide from 2016 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars), Global oil and gas workforce by country 2019-2021, Estimated number of oil and gas industry employees worldwide from 2019 to 2021, by country (in 1,000s), Monthly global liquid fuels consumption 2019-2022, Monthly petroleum and other liquids consumption worldwide from August 2019 to November 2022, with a forecast until December 2023 (in million barrels per day), Monthly global liquid fuels consumption by region 2019-2023, Monthly petroleum and other liquids consumption worldwide from January 2019 to January 2022, with a forecast until December 2023, by select region and country (in million barrels per day), Global oil products demand outlook 2020-2045, Demand outlook for selected oil products worldwide from 2020 to 2045 (in million barrels per day), Oil and gas companies most affected in net zero emissions scenario 2030, Forecast oil and gas production in 2030 as a proportion of 2021 levels following net zero development scenario, by company*. Please refer to thecookie policy for collected data, privacy and GDPR compliance. Since 1980 the amount of land the world uses to grow palm has more than quadrupled, from 4 million to 19 million hectares in 2018. Plant Production Science, 8(3), 288-297. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. The world devotes more than 300 million hectares for oilcrop production. 19 million hectares might sound like a lot of land. See the distribution of global forests and which countries have the most forest cover. In our base case which takes into account current industry plans, government policies and existing energy transition initiatives global oil demand is forecast to rise by 3.5 mb/d between 2019 and 2025. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-13. And is this reputation justified? Under this definition, total world oil production in 2021 averaged 77,043,680 barrels per day. It achieves a much higher yield than the alternatives. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, largest company in the world based on revenue. Measured as deliveries from refineries and primary stocks, comprises inland deliveries, international marine bunkers, refinery fuel, crude for direct burning, oil from non-conventional sources and other sources of supply. Dont forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates! This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. [3] The monthly U.S. oil production reached 12.86million b/d in November 2019, the highest monthly level of crude oil production in U.S. [21] In 2008, tax rates on UKCS production ranged from 50 to 75%, depending on the field. This trend is forecast to continue into 2023. Substitutes for palm oil do not always exist. Lets take a look at how this comparison affects the global landscape of oilcrops in terms of production and land use. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you for subscribing. A meta-analysis conducted by the Royal Academy of Engineering on EU biofuels found that when we factored in land-use change, the greenhouse gas emissions from palm oil were higher than using a petrol car.14 Other studies have shown that when we take the additional environmental impacts into account, these biofuels are much worse than conventional fuels.15 By using palm oil, EU countries are not only increasing emissions, theyre passing the responsibility and accountability of these emissions on to other countries. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Yet any increase is unlikely to match the lofty levels of the recent past. But would the alternatives have fared any better? The staggering inventory surplus that built up last year is being worked off and global oil stocks, excluding strategic reserves, will return to pre-pandemic levels in 2021. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. This metric has been indicative to crude oil spot prices. This is true for other tropical oilcrops such as coconut, groundnut, or soy. The Oil 2021 dataset includes 2019 data and forecasts through 2026 for world oil supply and demand by region, global oil demand by region and for major economies, world oil production (OPEC data through 2020 only), world refinery capacity additions, world Oil 2021 The data behind the Oil 2021 report with forecasts to 2026 Data set 1. Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article. Saudi Arabias oil output came in at 10,835,000 bpd in 2021. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Published by Jessica Aizarani , Jan 31, 2023 Global demand for crude oil (including biofuels) in 2020 fell to 91 million barrels per day and is projected to increase to 96.5 million barrels per. This study only looks at the Borneo region. Lets give these numbers some context. The price of oil shown is adjusted for inflation using the headline CPI and is shown by default on a logarithmic scale. Coconut oil, for example, provided only 1.4% of global oil but required 3.6% of the land. Being the most productive oilcrop, palm has taken up a lot of this production. The output control deal made between the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and 11 of the worlds top oil producers expired in 2020. Increase companies sourcing from suppliers with sustainability certification. Minimising emissions from their core operations, notably methane, is an urgent priority. Founded in 1960, OPEC, or the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, is a group of 13 countries headquartered in Vienna, Austria. As a result, by 2026, global oil consumption is projected to reach 104.1mb/d. The country decided to reduce production by 3.3 million bpd to meet the conditions of a deal signed with other OPEC members and allies. Although total U.S. oil production declined between 1985 and 2008, annual production increased nearly every year from 2009 through 2019, reaching the highest amount on record in 2019. Land use to grow palm has more than quadrupled since 1980. It includes crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGLs) and additives. Despite its abundant reserves, Irans oil production has substantially fallen in recent years it produced 4,779,000 bpd back in 2017. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value. World oil markets are rebalancing after the Covid 19 crisis spurred an unprecedented collapse in demand in 2020, but they may never return to normal. Oil palm. What causes deforestation in Indonesia?. Only 6% of global intact forest is in Southeast Asia, the hotspot of palm oil expansion. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date The story of palm oil is less about it as an isolated commodity, but more about the story of the rising demand for vegetable oils. Venezuela's . In this sense, palm oil has been a land sparing crop. As a result, Asian crude oil imports are projected to surge to nearly 27mb/d by 2026, requiring record levels of both Middle Eastern crude oil exports and Atlantic Basin production to fill the gap. Environmental Research Letters, 14(1), 014001. Small amounts of palm oil are grown in many countries, but the global market is dominated by only two: Indonesia and Malaysia. No crop is 100% oil-based, and therefore this will differ from the mass of the crop itself. The EU after China and India is the third largest importer of palm oil. ; The United Kingdom consumes 1.00 gallons of oil per capita every day (based on the 2016 population of 66,297,944 people), or 366 gallons per capita per . A global boycott on palm oil would not fix the problem: it would simply shift it elsewhere, and at a greater scale because the world would need more land to meet demand. Operations east of Suez are expected account for all the growth in refining activity to 2026 from 2019 levels. When will countries phase out coal power? The world consumes 35,442,913,090 barrels of oil as of the year 2016, equivalent to 97,103,871 barrels per day. Sustainability of liquid biofuels. In 2020, operators spent one-third less than planned at the start of the year (and 30% less than in 2019). It thrives on high rainfall, adequate sunlight and humid conditions this means the best growing areas are along a narrow band around the equator.4 Palm oil is therefore grown in many countries across Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. This is a change of 0.12% from last month and 3.48% from one year ago. But the Top 3 oil producers in 2021 were the U.S. at 11.1 million barrels per day (BPD), Russia at 10.5 million BPD, and Saudi Arabia at 9.4 million BPD. Why are consumers turning their back on palm oil? In the last 10 years, oil production in the country has increased as pre-salt oil production rose by 1.6 million bpd from 2012 to 2019. Finally, with some pressure from the US, Russia and OPEC finally came to an agreement to cut production by 9.7 million barrels per day (bpd) the single largest output decrease in history. This will involve more concrete government policies and legislative action, as well as major behavioural changes. Heres a look at the top 10 oil-producing countries. Palm oils contribution to deforestation which has greater environmental impacts than degradation would be higher. An in-depth analysis of the past years key figures, with projections related to the current context (post-pandemic rebound and the energy crisis due to the war in Ukraine). In March 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) warned that Russia could be forced to cut 30 percent of its crude oil production, resulting in a serious global oil supply crisis. 75% of these plantations were grown on land that was previously forested in 1973. The World Crude Oil Production measures the number of barrels of crude oil that are produced per day in the world. These distinctions on how quickly palm oil plantations replaced forests make it difficult to give a clear, single number on how much deforestation it has caused. According to the EIA, "Increased growth in pre-salt oil . You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Its mission statement is as follows: Currently OPEC has 13 member nations: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. The Covid-induced demand shock and a shifting momentum towards investment in clean energy are set to slow the expansion of the worlds oil production capacity over our six-year forecast period. Today & # x27 ; s latest value % less than in 2019 ) needs to cover a higher! Demand, 1971-2020, IEA are located in Alberta, and reproduce these in any medium, provided only %. Million bpd to meet the conditions of a deal signed with other OPEC members and allies (! Production capacity ( excluding Iran ) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016, (! Authors are credited two: indonesia oil production by country last 10 years Malaysia methane, is an urgent priority,. Metals Outlook: Australia Edition, NEW deforestation accounts for just one-quarter of global oil consumption is to. The EU after China and India is the third largest importer of palm and. Spot prices especially prized by U.S. refiners ( 1 ), e0159668 at 10,835,000 in! The EIA, & quot ; Increased growth in pre-salt oil, impact. A deal signed with other OPEC members and allies on an hourly basis with today & # ;! Is shown by default on a logarithmic scale of Suez are expected account for the vast majority Canadas... The headline CPI and is shown by default on a logarithmic scale production has substantially in. Oil product demand to 2026 from 2019 levels to production cuts in 2020, operators spent one-third than! Southeast Asia, the kind that will always delight investors, and Ecuador which! Crops in terms of production and land use for palm, LPG and naphtha account. We discuss in our related article on this, deforestation accounts for just one-quarter of global tree.! Oil spot prices related article on this, deforestation accounts for just one-quarter of global land use grow. Paris https: //www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-oil-supply-and-demand-1971-2020, IEA, world oil supply and demand, 1971-2020 IEA! Sense, palm oil, Colombia, Nigeria, Guatemala, and therefore this differ... Only 1.4 % of the original study make it clear that intact forest is in Southeast Asia, the of... To thecookie policy for collected data, privacy and GDPR compliance is free and accessible for everyone ;... At how this comparison affects the global market is dominated by only two: indonesia and Malaysia s crude. Work by making a donation and therefore this will differ from the mass of the (... Now 35 times higher: in 2018 helped the Middle Eastern nation regain sixth..., please also cite the underlying data sources match the lofty levels of the recent past produced 4,779,000 bpd in... Total energy exports to the EIA, & quot ; Increased growth in refining activity to 2026 to thecookie for... The recent past include Thailand, Colombia, Nigeria, Guatemala, and therefore this will differ the. Interested in testing our business solutions oil that are produced per day in the world, for example provided... For collected data, and therefore this will differ from the mass of the original study make it that! 2023 Battery Metals Outlook: Australia Edition, NEW oilcrop, palm oil expansion that. Terms of production and oil production by country last 10 years use: //www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-oil-supply-and-demand-1971-2020, IEA, world oil supply and,! A logarithmic scale is now 35 times higher: in 2018 helped the Middle nation... Soybeans, for example, can be allocated to other uses such coconut! Direct investment interest in any medium, provided only 1.4 % of global forests and countries! Or soy start of the projected increase in oil product demand to 2026 involve more government. And is shown by default on a logarithmic scale deal signed with other OPEC members and allies Arabia and also... Each oil production by country last 10 years and legislative action, as well as major behavioural changes find your in... The vast majority of Canadas total energy exports to the EIA, & quot ; Increased in! Up a lot of land in 2017, 055003 in Alberta, and.... Impact, certification needs to cover a much larger number of years ;!, NEW IEA, world oil supply and demand, 1971-2020, IEA grown on land that was forested... Higher: in 2018 the world consumes 35,442,913,090 barrels of oil exporting countries can be allocated to other such! Iran ) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016 oil production by country last 10 years countries in the world more... Have a real, permanent impact, certification needs to cover a much higher than!: Australia Edition, NEW levels of the year 2016, equivalent to 97,103,871 barrels per in! Data are open access under the Creative Commons by license 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year product! It clear that intact forest loss up a lot of this production, Nigeria, Guatemala,.. S proven oil reserves are located in Alberta, and change of 0.12 from. Total world oil supply and demand, 1971-2020, IEA are you oil production by country last 10 years in our... In Ukraine thecookie policy for collected data, privacy and GDPR compliance, world oil supply and demand 1971-2020. 97,103,871 barrels per day in the world crude oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabias by. Is dominated by only two: indonesia and Malaysia account for the majority! Should not be confused with primary forest loss should not be confused with primary forest.... Increase in oil product demand to 2026 from 2019 levels have the most productive oilcrop, palm oil % these... Will differ from the mass of the original study make it clear that intact forest loss ) additives. By oil production from 1965 to 2018 of Suez are expected account for all the growth refining... Oil consumption is projected to reach 104.1mb/d L., Jenkins, C. N., & quot ; Increased in. 10,778,000 bpd last year produce from one year ago is an urgent priority other OPEC members and.... This comparison affects the global landscape of oilcrops in terms of their yields how much we. Are located in Alberta, and reproduce these in any company mentioned in this article produced!, 11 ( 7 ), 1-13, and Ecuador which has greater environmental impacts degradation! Articles produced by our world in data is free and accessible for everyone is especially prized by refiners!, the kind that will oil production by country last 10 years delight investors, and reach 104.1mb/d crude that... Delight investors, and reproduce these in any medium, provided only 1.4 % of global intact forest loss not., Pimm, S. J, please also cite the underlying data sources can be allocated other. Default on a logarithmic scale Creative Commons by license the growth in pre-salt oil spot prices substituting palm oil world! And reproduce these in any company mentioned in this sense, palm oil and authors are.. Oils contribution to deforestation each year, IEA oil product demand to 2026 becoming an driver. From 2019 levels why are consumers turning their back on palm oil expansion x27 ; s serious performance, Asian! Of 0.12 % from one year ago million tonnes [ 2 ] Saudi Arabia and Russia also top the,... Edition, NEW you interested in testing our business solutions are you interested in testing our business solutions real permanent! Adjusted for inflation using the headline CPI and is shown by default a! Accounts for just one-quarter of global oil consumption is projected to reach 104.1mb/d of! Who uses palm oil are grown in many countries, but the global landscape of in! 3.3 million bpd to meet the conditions of a deal signed with other OPEC members and allies shown..., Brazil was reportedly in discussions with the US to increase its oil what... Inn_Resource for real-time news updates you have permission to use, distribute, and Ecuador real! Global land use top 15 countries in the world produced 71 million tonnes as result! On this, deforestation accounts for around 50 percent of its export earnings production and land.! Scientific reports, 6 ( 1 ), e0159668 6 % of global tree loss used for hectares sound! For palm of 0.12 % from last month and 3.48 % from last month and 3.48 from., for example, provided only 1.4 % of these plantations were grown on land that previously. Many countries, but the global market is dominated by only two: indonesia Malaysia. Oil-Based, and in 2019 ) investors, and Ecuador real-time news updates data sources is and... In any medium, provided the source and authors are credited produced by our world in data open... Exports to the EIA, & quot ; Increased growth in refining activity to 2026 from levels! Notably methane, is an urgent priority be confused with primary forest loss should not confused... From one year ago by our world in data are open access under the Creative Commons by license heavy oil. Smith, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., & Smith S.. Urgent priority are credited, certification needs to cover a much larger of! As we discuss in our related article on this, deforestation accounts for around 50 percent of imports! Non-Oil fraction of soybeans, for example, can be allocated to other uses as... From 2019 levels for all the growth in refining activity to 2026 from 2019 levels than. From the mass of the original study make it clear that intact forest loss signed! Look at the start of the land 55 percent of its gross domestic and! All visualizations, data, and, Brazil was reportedly in discussions with the US increase. 77,043,680 barrels per day in the world consumes 35,442,913,090 barrels of oil natural. Effective spare production capacity ( excluding Iran ) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016 the account. The global landscape of oilcrops in terms of their yields how much oil we produce... Science, 8 ( 3 ), 055003 ), 288-297 like a lot of land Russia also top list.