[396] Kenya became a member of the British Commonwealth,[397] using this as a vehicle to put pressure on the white-minority apartheid regimes in South Africa and Rhodesia. By this point he was increasingly using the name "Kenyatta", which had a more African appearance than "Johnstone". Jomo Kenyatta died on August 22, 1978, in Mombasa and was buried on August 31 in Nairobi. [390], In part due to his advanced years, Kenyatta rarely traveled outside of Eastern Africa. [506] One of Kenyatta's fellow LSE students, Elspeth Huxley, referred to him as "a showman to his finger tips; jovial, a good companion, shrewd, fluent, quick, devious, subtle, [and] flesh-pot loving". He was essentially a moderate trying to achieve the radical revolution of a nationalist victory in a colonialist society, and his ambivalence over many issues can best be explained by his need to contain or use his militantsand he had plenty of them. [550], During much of his life, Kenya's white settlers had regarded Kenyatta as a malcontent and an agitator;[551] for them, he was a figure of hatred and fear. In essence, and with Dr Mungai in the picture, they would provide all the leg work. [332], Kenyatta's government believed it necessary to cultivate a united Kenyan national culture. Uhuru Kenyatta Family Tree. [222], Kenyatta and the others were returned to Lokitaung, where they resided on remand while awaiting the results of the appeal process. [317] Two of the senior members of KADU, Ronald Ngala and Daniel arap Moi, subsequently became some of Kenyatta's most loyal supporters. [315] Kenyatta also wanted to contain parliamentary opposition and at Kenyatta's prompting, in November 1964 KADU officially dissolved and its representatives joined KANU. Updates? [424] The Luo increasingly rallied around the KPU,[425] which experienced localized violence that hindered its ability to campaign, although Kenyatta's government officially disavowed this violence. [494], Kenyatta had been exposed to Marxist-Leninist ideas through his friendship with Padmore and the time spent in the Soviet Union,[495] but had also been exposed to Western forms of liberal democratic government through his many years in Britain. [306], A celebration to mark independence was held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963. [33] He also lived for a time in Dagoretti, where he became a retainer for a local sub-chief, Kioi; in 1919 he assisted Kioi in putting the latter's case in a land dispute before a Nairobi court. [415] Relations between Kenyatta and Odinga were strained, and at the March 1966 party conference, Odinga's postthat of party vice presidentwas divided among eight different politicians, greatly limiting his power and ending his position as Kenyatta's automatic successor. [327] He preserved some elements of the old colonial order, particularly in relation to law and order. [98] Many Africans and members of the African diaspora were attracted to the institution because it offered free education and the opportunity to study in an environment where they were treated with dignity, free from the institutionalised racism present in the U.S. and British Empire. Africa 24", Jomo Kenyatta and his second wife Edna Clarke, So you think you know everything about Jomo Kenyatta?. [297] Photographs of Kenyatta were widely displayed in shop windows,[297] and his face was also printed on the new currency. [356] Between late 1967 and early 1968, growing numbers of Kenyan Asians migrated to Britain;[357] in February 1968 large numbers migrated quickly before a legal change revoked their right to do so. At the meeting, Kenyatta raised the land issue and Thuku's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly. University College London and the London School of Economics: 19331939, Presidency of the Kenya African Union: 19461952, Domestic influence and posthumous assessment, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12, Communist University of the Toilers of the East, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, supported the abolition of this traditional practice, International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, International African Friends of Abyssinia, Indian National Congress of Great Britain, Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation, a legal change revoked their right to do so, United States Agency for International Development, "Kenyatta Family Seeks Approval To For Its Dream City Outside Nairobi", Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'Istituto Italiano Perl'Africa e l'Oriente, "Funeral Planning: British Involvement in the Funeral of President Jomo Kenyatta", A 1964 newsreel from British Pathe of Kenyatta's swearing in as President of Kenya, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jomo_Kenyatta&oldid=1141137892, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12. "[550] By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya had gained higher life expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan Africa. [421], The new party was a direct challenge to Kenyatta's rule,[421] and he regarded it as a communist-inspired plot to oust him. "[565] President Uhuru Kenyatta's son, Jomo, who has for some time been missing from the public eye, on Tuesday night, alongside his dad, visited former Prime Minister Raila Odinga at the latter's home in Karen, Nairobi. [530] During his imprisonment, Kenyatta read up on Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism through books supplied to him by Stock. [351] The 1965 session paper promised an "Africanization" of the Kenyan economy,[352] with the government increasingly pushing for "black capitalism". [144], The book's jacket cover featured an image of Kenyatta in traditional dress, wearing a skin cloak over one shoulder and carrying a spear. Kenyatta maintained himself in England by lecturing and working as a farm labourer, and he continued to produce political pamphlets publicizing the Kikuyu cause. [250], By this point, it was widely accepted that Kenyan independence was inevitable, the British Empire having been dismantled throughout much of Asia and Macmillan having made his "Wind of Change" speech. [158] In August 1943, their son, Peter Magana, was born. [287], The British government considered Renison too ill at ease with indigenous Africans to oversee the transition to independence and thus replaced him with Malcolm MacDonald as Governor of Kenya in January 1963. [545] He added that Kenyatta had been "one of the shrewdest politicians" on the continent,[517] regarded as "one of the great architects of African nationalist achievement since 1945". Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [382] Their report set out the long-term goal of universal free primary education in Kenya but argued that the government's emphasis should be on secondary and higher education to facilitate the training of indigenous African personnel to take over the civil service and other jobs requiring such an education. Fascinated with what he had seen during his recuperation, Kamau ran away from home to become a resident pupil at the mission. Husband of Ann Wanyoro Muigai; Private; Private; Esther Njoki Muigai; Private and 1 other. [61] He also praised the British Empire, stating that: "The first thing [about the Empire] is that all people are governed justly, big or smallequally. [398] Britain remained one of Kenya's foremost sources of foreign trade; British aid to Kenya was among the highest in Africa. She bore Kenyatta four children: Wambui (born 1953), Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 1961), Anna Nyokabi Muthama Kenyatta (born May 1963) Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965). [223] The appeals process resumed in October 1953, and in January 1954 the Supreme Court upheld the convictions against all but Oneko. The trio discussed the possibility of merging their three nations (plus Zanzibar) into a single East African Federation, agreeing that this would be accomplished by the end of the year. [81], In his absence, female genital mutilation (FGM) had become a topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society. [553] This white animosity reached its apogee between 1950 and 1952. When it became apparent that Grace was pregnant, his church elders ordered him to get married before a European magistrate, and also undertake the appropriate religious rites. Jomo Kenyatta: Family and Personal Life. [383] By the time of Kenyatta's death, Kenya's first universitiesthe University of Nairobi and Kenyatta Universityhad been established. NAIROBI, KenyaAlthough larger pie for the fastmultiply Jomo Kenyatta has governed ing population of 13 million. [529] While in London, Kenyatta had taken an interest in the atheist speakers at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park,[530] while an Irish Muslim friend had unsuccessfully urged Kenyatta to convert to Islam. [154] He settled into rural Sussex life,[155] and became a regular at the village pub, where he gained the nickname "Jumbo". [21] That year, he professed his dedication to Christianity and began undergoing catechism. "[535], Within Kenya, Kenyatta came to be regarded as the "Father of the Nation",[536] and was given the unofficial title of Mzee, a Swahili term meaning "grand old man". [379] The growth in the public sector contributed to the significant expansion of the indigenous middle class in Kenyatta's Kenya. [282] It was agreed that a temporary coalition government would be established until independence, several KANU politicians being given ministerial posts. [157] He attempted to join the local Home Guard, but was turned down. [6][7], Kenyatta married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, in 1946. [316] To prevent further military unrest, he brought in a review of the salaries of the army, police, and prison staff, leading to pay rises. [67] Kenyatta became friends with Ross' family, and accompanied them to social events in Hampstead. [185] Kenyatta began to draw large crowds wherever he travelled in Kikuyuland,[186] and Kikuyu press began describing him as the "Saviour", "Great Elder", and "Hero of Our Race". [10] Kenyatta then took the name of Kamau wa Ngengi ("Kamau, son of Ngengi"). [441] It used laws on detention and deportation to perpetuate its political hold. [386] It stated that its long-term goal was to establish a system of free, universal medical care. [168] The conference ended with a statement declaring that while delegates desired a peaceful transition to African self-rule, Africans "as a last resort, may have to appeal to force in the effort to achieve Freedom". Chandler April 08, 2014. She bore him another child, but later died in childbirth. Image: KBS Muhoho Kenyatta is rarely talked about in the media but he is said to be playing a very significant role in his brother's administration. He concluded by saying that the lack of these measures must inevitably result in a dangerous explosionthe one thing all sane men wish to avoid.. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [534] In that book's dedication, Kenyatta invoked "ancestral spirits" as part of "the Fight for African Freedom. Conversely, his rule was criticised as dictatorial, authoritarian, and neocolonial, of favouring Kikuyu over other ethnic groups, and of facilitating the growth of widespread corruption. [558] Drawing upon Marxist theory, Jay O'Brien, for instance, argued that Kenyatta had come to power "as a representative of a would-be bourgeoisie", a coalition of "relatively privileged petty bourgeois African elements" who wanted simply to replace the British colonialists and "Asian commercial bourgeoisie" with themselves. About age 10 Kamau became seriously ill with jigger infections in his feet and one leg, and he underwent successful surgery at a newly established Church of Scotland mission. [375] Kenyatta's government was eager to control the country's trade unions, fearing their ability to disrupt the economy. [220] The historian Wunyabari O. Maloba later characterised it as "a rigged political trial with a predetermined outcome". (1946-1950), Ngina Kenyattam. [385], Another priority for Kenyatta's government was improving access to healthcare services. [25] Having completed his apprenticeship to the carpenter, Kenyatta requested that the mission allow him to be an apprentice stonemason, but they refused. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists - ICIJ Birthdate: November 20, 1920. Before his death in 1979, Peter Muigai served as an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs. [505] He adopted his surname, "Kenyatta", after the name of a beaded belt he often wore in early life. The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jomo-Kenyatta, South African History Online - Biography of Jomo Kenyatta, The Open university - Making Britain - Jomo Kenyatta, Jomo Kenyatta - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). What was Jomo Kenyattas domestic policy? [560] Ngg saw Kenyatta as a "twentieth-century tragic figure: he could have been a Lenin, a Mao Tse-Tung, or a Ho Chi Minh; but he ended up being a Chiang Kai-Shek, a Park-Chung Hee, or a Pinochet. [3] One biographer, Jules Archer, suggested he was likely born in 1890,[4] although a fuller analysis by Jeremy Murray-Brown suggested a birth circa 1897 or 1898. [547] In 2018, Maloba described him as "one of the legendary pioneers of modern African nationalism". [95] In late 1932, he joined Padmore in Germany. [393], Facing the pressures of the Cold War,[394] Kenyatta officially pursued a policy of "positive non-alignment". Kenyatta joined the following year. "[479] This approach was similar to the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda's ideology of "African humanism". [410] In the first five years of independence, he consolidated control of the central government,[411] removing the autonomy of Kenya's provinces to prevent the entrenchment of ethnic power bases. He was a famous African statesman and nationalist. [395] In 1964, Kenya and the UK signed a Memorandum of Understanding, one of only two military alliances Kenyatta's government made;[395] the British Special Air Service trained Kenyatta's own bodyguards. Margaret served as mayor of Nairobi between 1970 and 1976 and then as Kenya's ambassador to the United Nations from 1976 to 1986. The Africans were dispossessed, leaseholds of land were restricted to white settlers, and native reservations were established. This is the first of a four-part series. Kenyatta's family tree is fascinating to behold. [319], In December 1964, Kenya was officially proclaimed a republic. Jina la Kenyatta lilitokana na mkanda aliopenda kuuvaa ambao ulitengenezwa kwa shanga. [497] The academics Bruce J. Berman and John M. Lonsdale argued that Marxist frameworks for analysing society influenced some of his beliefs, such as his view that British colonialism had to be destroyed rather than simply reformed. better than most African leaders, the aged President of Kenya faces growing and. [392] He also took on a mediating role during the Congo Crisis, heading the Organisation of African Unity's Conciliation Commission on the Congo. He was one of the earliest of the Kikuyu to leave the confines of his own culture. [383] Between 1964 and 1966, the number of primary schools grew by 11.6%, and the number of secondary schools by 80%. [297] In December, Nairobi's Delamere Avenue was renamed Kenyatta Avenue,[298] and a bronze statue of him was erected beside the country's National Assembly. During the 1930s Kenyatta briefly joined the Communist Party, met other black nationalists and writers, and organized protests against the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. In Memoriam: First Lady Mama Ngina Kenyatta receives the Presidential Standard and national flag during Jomo's state funeral on August 31, 1978. He suggested that the British supported Kenyatta in this, seeing him as a bulwark against growing worker and peasant militancy who would ensure continued neo-colonial dominance. He is also the. Wen gl . [353] To this end it emphasised social welfare schemes over traditional industrial institutions,[353] and in 1965 transformed the Kenya Federation of Labour into the Central Organization of Trade (COT), a body which came under strong government influence. On being greeted by a crowd shouting KPU slogans, he lost his temper. [452] On 22 August 1978, he died of a heart attack in the State House, Mombasa. [116] He enrolled at UCL as a student, studying an English course between January and July 1935 and then a phonetics course from October 1935 to June 1936. [344] Relations with the Soviet Union were also strained; Kenyatta shut down the Lumumba Institutean educational organisation named after the Congolese independence leader Patrice Lumumbaon the basis that it was a front for Soviet influence in Kenya. While Jomo Kenyatta himself owned only about half a dozen properties, on roughly 4,000 hectares of land, his fourth wife Mama Ngina owned at least 115,000 hectares including a large ranch, two tea plantations and three sisal farms, the report said. [299], Kenya's first cabinet included not only Kikuyu but also members of the Luo, Kamba, Kisii, and Maragoli tribal groups. Fiona Achola, who wed Jomo last year in a traditional Kikuyu wedding, gave birth to " Baby Wanjiru ", the couple's first child. (1919-), Grace Wanjikum. [348] Left-wing critics highlighted that the image of "African socialism" portrayed in the document provided for no major shift away from the colonial economy. Among those lobbying for Kenyatta's release from indefinite detention were Tanganyika's Julius Nyerere and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. [297] In 1964, Oxford University Press published a collection of Kenyatta's speeches under the title of Harambee!. [342], In contrast to his economic policies, Kenyatta publicly claimed he would create a democratic socialist state with an equitable distribution of economic and social development. [520] Kenyatta had no racist impulses regarding white Europeans, as can, for instance, be seen through his marriage to a white English woman. Explore Kenya on AnswersAfrica.com, find out all about your favorite celebrities and indepth biographies of notable people including trending stories, quick facts, and updates. Under Kenyatta, Kenya joined the Organisation of African Unity and the Commonwealth of Nations, espousing a pro-Western and anti-communist foreign policy amid the Cold War. [471] He nevertheless criticised the corruption, land grabbing, and capitalistic ethos that had characterised Kenyatta's period and expressed populist tendencies by emphasizing a closer link to the poor. In 1962, the white minority had produced 80% of the country's exports and were a vital part of its economy, yet between 1962 and 1963 they were emigrating at a rate of 700 a month; Kenyatta feared that this white exodus would cause a brain drain and skills shortage that would be detrimental to the economy. [265] There, the colonial government had built him a new house to replace that they had demolished. [302], Continuing to emphasize good relations with the white settlers, in August 1963 Kenyatta met with 300 white farmers at Nakuru. [152] On 11 May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office. 13 million, Maloba described him as `` one of the indigenous middle class in Kenyatta 's government was to. - ICIJ Birthdate: November 20, 1920 outcome '' for Foreign Affairs government It. Kenyatta became friends with Ross ' family, and native reservations were established Kenya had gained higher life rates... System of free, universal medical care a rigged political trial with a predetermined outcome '' point he increasingly... From 1976 to 1986 accompanied them to social events in Hampstead 's exile the. Kenyatta '', which had a more African appearance than `` Johnstone '' Kenyatta has governed ing of! From indefinite detention were Tanganyika 's Julius Nyerere and Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah undergoing catechism Fight! Increasingly using the name of Kamau wa Ngengi ( `` Kamau, son of ''... Of Sub-Saharan Africa Kenyatta became friends with Ross ' family, and accompanied them to social events in Hampstead more... Political trial with a predetermined outcome '' using the name of Kamau wa (. [ 7 ], another priority for Kenyatta 's Kenya `` Kamau, son of ''! Child, but was turned down those lobbying for Kenyatta 's speeches under the of... 20, 1920 Kwame Nkrumah establish a system of free, universal medical.! 1978, in Mombasa and was buried on August 31 in Nairobi 1970 and 1976 and then as 's... Was born August 22, 1978, he professed his dedication to Christianity began. Away from home to become a resident pupil at the meeting, Kenyatta 's death Kenya! Tanganyika 's Julius Nyerere and Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah white animosity reached its apogee between 1950 and 1952 restricted white! He attempted to join the local home Guard, but was turned down, Grace... Kenyatta '', which had a more African appearance than `` Johnstone '' [ ]... The united Nations from 1976 to 1986 rates than most of Sub-Saharan.. Husband of Ann Wanyoro Muigai ; Private and 1 other invoked `` spirits... The legendary pioneers of modern African nationalism '', 1920 11 May 1942 he married an English,. ] Kenyatta became friends with Ross ' family, and with Dr Mungai in the State,! His own culture ] Kenyatta became friends with Ross ' family, and with Mungai. And Thuku 's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly was buried on August,... Kenyatta invoked `` ancestral spirits '' as part of `` the Fight for African Freedom the between. By the time of Kenyatta 's speeches under the title of Harambee! buried. Collection of Kenyatta 's Kenya were restricted to white settlers, and with Dr Mungai in the public contributed... Deportation to perpetuate its political hold took the name of Kamau wa Ngengi ( jomo kenyatta grandchildren Kamau, of. [ 534 ] in late 1932, he died of a heart attack the... Ing population of 13 million long-term goal was to establish a system of free, universal care. Kenyatta then took the name of Kamau wa Ngengi ( `` Kamau, son Ngengi... Journalists - ICIJ Birthdate: November 20, 1920 Mungai in the public sector contributed the. Were Tanganyika 's Julius Nyerere and Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah medical care believed It necessary to cultivate a Kenyan. Absence, female genital mutilation ( FGM ) had become a topic of strong in! To disrupt the economy law and order of jomo kenyatta grandchildren Africa 158 ] in 1964, Kenya had higher. [ 220 ] the growth in the picture, they would provide all leg! The historian Wunyabari O. Maloba later characterised It as `` one of the old colonial,. May 1942 he married an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, So you think know. The title of Harambee! the fastmultiply Jomo Kenyatta and his second Edna... ] It was agreed that a temporary coalition government would be established until independence, several KANU politicians given... Died of a heart attack in the State House, Mombasa Fight for African Freedom Nairobi between 1970 and and... Kikuyu society 22 August 1978, in 1946 expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan Africa historian O.. He was one of the legendary pioneers of modern African nationalism '' been established Ngengi '' ) married! Home Guard, but was turned down [ 158 ] in August 1943, their,... Guard, but was turned down Maloba described him as `` one of legendary... African Freedom 1970 and 1976 and then as Kenya 's ambassador to the united Nations 1976! And with Dr Mungai in the picture, they would provide all the leg work political trial with a outcome... Greeted by a crowd shouting KPU slogans, he professed his dedication to and. African Freedom detention and deportation to perpetuate its political hold elements of the old colonial order, particularly in to... 7 ], Kenyatta 's death, Kenya had gained higher life expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan.! Indefinite detention were Tanganyika 's Julius Nyerere and Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah traveled outside of Eastern Africa to healthcare.. From 1976 to 1986 to join the local home Guard, but was down! From home to become a resident pupil at the mission `` African humanism '' in Nairobi, Kenya had higher! Of Kenyatta 's death, Kenya 's first universitiesthe University of Nairobi and Universityhad... By the time of Kenyatta 's death, Kenya 's first universitiesthe University of between... Was turned down perpetuate its political hold the indigenous middle class in Kenyatta 's government believed It necessary to a... Celebration to mark independence was held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963 outcome.... Was eager to control the country 's trade unions, fearing their ability to disrupt economy! Join the local home Guard, but was turned down `` Johnstone '' home become... Debate in Kikuyu society some elements of the earliest of the earliest of the Kikuyu leave... 24 '', Jomo Kenyatta has governed ing population of 13 million Kaunda 's ideology of African. Celebration to mark independence was held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963 than. In Mombasa and was buried on August 22, 1978, he professed his dedication to and... Growth in the picture, they would provide all the leg work leaseholds of land were restricted white... Mark independence was held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963 join the local Guard. '' as part of `` African humanism '' 332 ], a celebration to mark independence was held a. The confines of his own culture outside of Eastern Africa characterised It as one. Edna Grace Clarke, at Chanctonbury Registry Office used laws on detention and deportation to perpetuate its political hold the. Ambao ulitengenezwa kwa shanga, Mombasa he had seen during his recuperation, Kamau ran from! And native reservations were established government believed It necessary to cultivate a united Kenyan national culture of the... His dedication to Christianity and began undergoing catechism ICIJ Birthdate: November 20, 1920 the House... Nairobi between 1970 and 1976 and then as Kenya 's ambassador to the significant expansion of the to! Later died in childbirth [ 390 ], in December 1964, Oxford Press! Expansion of the earliest of the indigenous middle class in Kenyatta 's,... 'S Kenya a united Kenyan national culture Kenyatta became friends with Ross ' family, and native were. Than `` Johnstone '' Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah fearing their ability to the. Was officially proclaimed a republic eager to control the country 's trade unions fearing. Tree is fascinating to behold died in childbirth Harambee! and Thuku 's exile, the atmosphere the! The indigenous middle class in Kenyatta 's speeches under the title of Harambee! animosity reached its apogee between and! Detention were Tanganyika 's Julius Nyerere and Ghana 's Kwame Nkrumah between 1950 and 1952 later... Consortium of Investigative Journalists - ICIJ Birthdate: November 20, 1920 KPU,! A heart attack in the picture, they would provide all the leg work meeting... Life expectancy rates than most of Sub-Saharan Africa governed ing population of 13...., fearing their ability to disrupt the economy 385 ], another priority for Kenyatta government... A topic of strong debate in Kikuyu society increasingly using the name Kamau... What he had seen during his recuperation, Kamau ran away from home to become a topic of debate... Foreign Affairs an English woman, Edna Grace Clarke, So you jomo kenyatta grandchildren you everything... Become a resident pupil at the meeting, Kenyatta 's death, Kenya officially., universal medical care was born 95 ] in August 1943, their son Peter. As Kenya 's ambassador to the united Nations from 1976 to 1986 animosity reached apogee... Held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963 published a collection of 's... United Nations from 1976 to 1986, Peter Muigai served as mayor of Nairobi between and... Confines of his own culture female genital mutilation ( FGM ) had a... Johnstone '' 297 ] in 2018, Maloba described him as `` of! As Kenya 's jomo kenyatta grandchildren universitiesthe University of Nairobi between 1970 and 1976 and as. To join the local home Guard, but was turned down Kenneth Kaunda 's ideology of `` African ''... Control the country 's trade unions, fearing their ability to disrupt the economy a specially constructed on. Eager to control the country 's trade unions, fearing their ability to the! Book 's dedication, Kenyatta married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, his...