Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Simple, Fair, and Pro-Growth: Proposals to Fix Americas Tax System, Report of the Presidents Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform, November 2005, The Moment of Truth: Report of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, December 2010, Debt Reduction Task Force, Restoring Americas Future, Bipartisan Policy Center, November 2010, The Tax Reform Act of 2014: Fixing Our Broken Tax Code So That It Works for American Families and Job Creators, House Ways and Means Committee, The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015. Hence the various sources of local government finance have become very crucial in order to foster development at all levels of governance. Charges and taxes. /Font << >> Wendthat,incitieswherearelativelyhighershareofrevenueiscollectedthrough nes, fees, and asset forfeitures, violent crimes are cleared at a relatively lower rate, 3 7 Other strategies, such as payment plans, can also reduce leakage and increase collections. How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change business taxes? GRIN Verlag. How does the federal budget process work? 1. endobj
Social acceptance. New York, Scribner Press in Institute of Management and Leadership Professional Nigeria (2012). With initial adjustments for relevance and size of potential revenue impact, cities can select the most promising streams as revenue generators. /Parent 2 0 R The maximum curtailed power was 963 MW, and the total annual curtailed energy generation was 560 million kWh, with a . The final 32 percent of state general revenue came from intergovernmental transfers. /CS /DeviceRGB >> Cities could also increase value from unused land plots through monetizing them either as lease contracts or through other more innovative publicprivate partnership structures, such as joint development agreements or joint ventures (Exhibit 4). Allocating resource revenues directly to citizens may reduce poverty and improve natural resource revenue accountability, though it may also starve the government of revenues for public investments. /GS7 17 0 R https://www.grin.com/document/293498. /CS /DeviceRGB /Image97 76 0 R State and Local Finance Data: Exploring the Census of Governments. >> The share from intergovernmental transfers also fluctuated somewhat over time, falling from 43 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 36 percent in 2017. Nicole Badstuber, London congestion charge has been a huge success. Its time to change it, CityMetric, March 12, 2018, citymetric.com. state and local government with a recommendation that conscious effort be made to allocate more revenues to states and local governments. Revenue has been found to be nose diving from time to time due to the weakness in the control framework that exists in the public sector. /Parent 2 0 R >> <>
Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. %PDF-1.4
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Cities use fines as both a deterrent for behavior at odds with the public goodfor example, the accumulation and nondisposal of garbage or building construction without a temporary fenceand a revenue source. Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from TAX. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] /Type /Group
/Meta37 37 0 R Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. Meanwhile, individual income taxes have also increased as a percentage of state and local general revenue, providing 10 percent in 1977 and 13 percent in 2019. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. However, the composition of tax revenue has changed somewhat. /Meta43 34 0 R The logic is that, in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax . /Resources << The quest for development has for a long time been a very important stage in human life. Chapter One of Revenue Generation in Local Government Areas (Problems and Prospects) INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Nigeria has three- tiers of government systems, These are; (i) The federal government (ii) The state government and (iii) The local government. What would and would not be taxed under a national retail sales tax? Local Government Finance and Implications for Development: A Case Study of the Ikorodu Government Area Lagos State. %
<< How do flexible spending accounts for health care expenses work? Perhaps the simplest and most straightforward approach across each of the four revenue streams would be to charge more. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 /Resources << Revenue Generation in Nigeria's Local Government. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73875-4_17, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). 4 0 obj
First, to identify the relevant revenue streams and which interventions to apply, cities should determine the relevant data and revenue baselines. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] What are the tax benefits of homeownership?
/Type /Pages This applies to administrative services as well as other city services such as utility provision. /Font << To address this problem, requires proper implementation of plans directed at enhancing adequate revenue generation. Cities should consider the following areas: Collectively, these assessments will help cities to produce a prioritized list of levers for implementation. This research work examines how the federal Government of Nigeria generate revenue and the development of Local Government Areas, Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Government Areas, 100% found this document useful (8 votes), 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Go For Later. >> revenue allocation among federal, state and local governments in the country. The role that local governments can play in revenue generation will clearly depend on decisions about the overall system structure. In our experience, cities that fare the best in their revenue generation efforts create an internal dedicated unit that is responsible for the strategys implementation. Revenue has been found to be nose diving from time to time due to the weakness in the control framework that exists in the public sector. endobj
How would small businesses be treated under a VAT? /F4 85 0 R /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] However revenue generation by communities dates back to 1986 when central government requested the local . Municipalities raise revenues by charging for services such as public parking, toll roads, waste management, and building permits, among others. Recent Comprehensive Tax Reform Proposals, The State of State (and Local) Tax Policy, Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Institutions. 4. We'll email you when new articles are published on this topic. When the State increased the income tax rate in 2011 it did not share the increased revenues with local governments. /F2 21 0 R /Length 5747 For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). What are the sources of revenue for local governments? /F1 20 0 R What is the effect of a lower tax rate for capital gains? 0000000532 00000 n
What is the unemployment insurance trust fund, and how is it financed? What is global intangible low-taxed income and how is it taxed under the TCJA? As such, federal transfers as a share of state general revenue will likely look different for these yearsbut Census has not yet published that data. >> How would the tax system need to change with return-free filing? /ExtGState <<
>> This can be accomplished through moves that wont adversely affect public opinion or a citys competitiveness in attracting businesses and economic development. /Meta44 31 0 R /XObject <<
What can state and local sales taxes tell us about a national retail sales tax? It is very important especially for developing countries because in developing . /Meta77 66 0 R The survey research design was adopted for this study, with 414 staff of Ikorodu local government area as the population of the study. To meet rising expectations for service delivery amid tight budgets, municipal governments must increase revenues from existing sources as well as create new revenue streams. OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. The authentic confucius: A life of thought and politics. One of the MMDAs involved in the use of recent ICTs to assist revenue mobilization is the AMA. A citizens guide to the fascinating (though often complex) elements of the US tax system. Tax as a financial charge, is the main source of revenue generation for any government. /Meta65 57 0 R <>
Following the clear identification of interventions and opportunities, cities can set priorities based on social acceptance, economic impact, and ease of implementation. (eds) The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria. Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from tax. Taxes, fees, and user charges are considered "own-source" revenue. /Tabs /S How do state estate and inheritance taxes work? <]>>
/F2 21 0 R How do state and local severance taxes work? Innovation is poverty reduction: The role of local government. A third lever is optimizing collection and audit processes to increase collection rates and minimize leakage. >> Local governments collected $509 billion from property taxes in 2017, or 30 percent of local government general revenue. What are state rainy day funds, and how do they work? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /StructParents 6 /Meta81 69 0 R 5356 11
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These factors often include volume of activity, location, and period of validity. Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. On what do economists agree and disagree about the effects of taxes on economic growth? Eneanya, A. N. (2012). What is the size of the opportunity? /Meta38 38 0 R /Type /Page endobj /S /Transparency
Cities that want to implement new charges will be more likely to build public support if such measures both induce positive behavior and have a clear, equitable, and risk-averse public benefit.
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/Type /Page What is the role of monetary policy in alleviating economic downturns? US Census Bureau. What kinds of tax-favored retirement arrangements are there? In 2019, 31 percent of state general revenue came from the federal government (e.g., the federal share of Medicaid spending and federal transportation money allocated for state projects) and 1 percent came from local governments. /Kids [4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R] /F3 22 0 R /Annots [27 0 R 28 0 R] How do state and local individual income taxes work? How should distributional tables be interpreted? /Parent 2 0 R (Exhibit 1). 11 0 obj /S /Transparency /Image8 18 0 R
This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the, devolved on the local government therefore, became a common $no#ledge that, most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope #ith the present level, The principal aims of creating local governments #ere as, /. /Font << What tax incentives encourage energy production from fossil fuels? "Follow the Money: How to Track Federal Funding to Local Governments." What is the difference between carryover basis and a step-up in basis? How does the tax system affect US competitiveness? 1 0 obj How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change personal taxes? %PDF-1.5
By 2050, 68 percent of the global population will live in urban areas.
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@8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Local governments include county governments, municipalities, townships, special districts (such as water and sewage authorities), and school districts. Assets can include land monetization (such as land used by telcos for cell towers), appreciating land values, and commercial advertisements in public spaces, public markets, and shopping centers. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Economic development in the Third World (12th ed.). Taxes provided 49 percent of state general revenues in 2019, including: Charges, such as tuition paid to a state university, payments to a public hospital, and tolls on highways, when combined, provided another 11 percent of state general revenues in 2019. /Resources << /Type /Group What is the difference between marginal and average tax rates? 2018. There is no one route that cities can or should take to boost revenues. Local governments. ] > > local governments is principally derived from tax sales. 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